The popularization of combat sports and some martial arts has been on the increase over the past thirty years. Originally, instruction focused primarily on judo, karate and aikido and this concept was used also in schools. However, in the present day there are many more types of combat sports which are internationally very popular as well as more appealing to the audience. This monographs describes the essentials of the best known martial arts, presenting their history, contemporary structure and to some extent also the rules of combat sports.